Las imágenes y símbolos contenidos en las estelas del pueblo picto escocés, entre los siglos IV y IX d.C., serían en realidad la expresión de una verdadera escritura. El estudio, firmado por autores de áreas científicas y no humanísticas, se ha basado en un proceso matemático (la entropía de Shannon), y acaba de ser publicado en una revista de estas áreas:

Rob Lee, Philip Jonathan y Pauline Ziman, "Pictish symbols revealed as a written language through application of Shannon entropy", Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Science (2010) (aquí, con el resumen, y acceso libre al artículo).

Leyendo el trabajo, parece que los autores han imitado, aplicándolo a los glifos pictos, sistemas estadísticos y probabilísticos hacía muy poco ensayados sobre la interesante escritura del Valle del Indo que, aunque es una escritura logosilábica bien conocida, no cuenta aún con un desciframiento eficaz, y cuyo carácter había sido incluso cuestionado. Estos otros autores aplicaron en este caso el "modelo de Markov" para orientar a la comprensión, secuenciación gramatical y desciframiento: Rao, R. P. N., Yadav, N., Vahia, M. N., Joglekar, H., Adhikari, R. & Mahadevan, I. 2009, "Entropic evidence for linguistic structure in the Indus script", Science 324, 1165. (doi:10.1126/science.1170391), aquí el resumen, y otro artículo similar, también de 2009, éste sí de libre acceso: "A Markov Model on the Indus Script".

La hipótesis picta, que cuenta ya con algún apoyo desde las Humanidades (v. infra), necesitará ser más generalmente aceptada, y para ello los autores admiten que les vendría bien encontrar su propia "piedra de Rosetta".

(La bella estela de Cadboll, foto Wikipedia de la réplica hecha por B. Grove)

La noticia:

Descubierto un nuevo lenguaje escrito en la antigua Escocia. Interpretado hasta ahora como simple arte sobre piedra, las representaciones de soldados, caballos y otras figuras son de hecho parte de un lenguaje escrito que dataría de la Edad de Hierro [sic, la periodista supongo que se refiere a que el pueblo picto mismo se remonta a esa época, no su lenguaje escrito, ni las estelas en cuestión y sus grabados]. Se fecharían entre los años 300 y 843 d.C.

NEW WRITTEN LANGUAGE OF ANCIENT SCOTLAND DISCOVERED
Once thought to be rock art, carved depictions of soldiers, horses and other figures are in fact part of a written language dating back to the Iron Age.

Discovery.com. By Jennifer Viegas | Wed Mar 31, 2010 07:00 AM ET

THE GIST:
• A new written language, belonging to the early Pict society of Scotland, has just been identified.
• Stylized rock engravings have been found on hundreds of Pictish Stones.
• If the writing can be deciphered, it would provide a unique insight into early Scottish history.

The ancestors of modern Scottish people left behind mysterious, carved stones that new research has just determined contain the written language of the Picts, an Iron Age society that existed in Scotland from 300 to 843.

The highly stylized rock engravings, found on what are known as the Pictish Stones, had once been thought to be rock art or tied to heraldry. The new study, published in the Proceedings of the Royal Society A, instead concludes that the engravings represent the long lost language of the Picts, a confederation of Celtic tribes that lived in modern-day eastern and northern Scotland.

"We know that the Picts had a spoken language to complement the writing of the symbols, as Bede (a monk and historian who died in 735) writes that there are four languages in Britain in this time: British, Pictish, Scottish and English", lead author Rob Lee told Discovery News.
"We know that the three other languages were -- and are -- complex spoken languages, so there is every indication that Pictish was also a complex spoken language", added Lee, a professor in the School of Biosciences at the University of Exeter.

He and colleagues Philip Jonathan and Pauline Ziman analyzed the engravings, found on the few hundred known Pictish Stones. The researchers used a mathematical process known as Shannon entropy to study the order, direction, randomness and other characteristics of each engraving.

The resulting data was compared with that for numerous written languages, such as Egyptian hieroglyphs, Chinese texts and written Latin, Anglo-Saxon, Old Norse, Ancient Irish, Old Irish and Old Welsh. While the Pictish Stone engravings did not match any of these, they displayed characteristics of writing based on a spoken language.

Lee explained that writing comes in two basic forms: lexigraphic writing that is based on speech and semasiography, which is not based on speech.

"Lexigraphic writing contains symbols that represent parts of speech, such as words, or sounds like syllables or letters, and tends to be written in a linear or directional manner mimicking the flow of speech," he said. "In semasiography, the symbols do not represent speech -- such as the cartoon symbols used to show you how to build a flat pack piece of furniture -- and generally do not come in a linear manner."

Although Lee and his team have not yet deciphered the Pictish language, some of the symbols provide intriguing clues. One symbol looks like a dog's head, for example, while others look like horses, trumpets, mirrors, combs, stags, weapons and crosses.

The later Pictish Stones also contain images, like Celtic knots, similar to those found in the Book of Kells and other early works from nearby regions. These more decorative looking images frame what Lee and his team believe is the written Pictish language.

"It is unclear at the moment whether the imagery, such as the knots, form any part of the communication," Lee said. He believes the stones also contain semasiographic symbols, such as a picture of riders and horn blowers next to hunting dogs on what is called the Hilton of Cadboll stone. Yet another stone shows what appears to be a battle scene.

Paul Bouissac, a University of Toronto professor who is one of the world's leading experts on signs and symbols, told Discovery News that he agrees "it is more than plausible that the Pictish symbols are examples of a script, in the sense that they encoded some information, which also had a spoken form."

What is known about a writing system, however, "does not amount to deciphering this putative script," Bouissac added.

"We will have to wait for the discovery of what would be the Pictish equivalent of the Rosetta Stone, which made possible the cracking of the Egyptian hieroglyphic code," he said. "This may or may not ever happen."

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Aquí un buen traductor eng-esp (Google)

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Más información:

- La parte inferior de la estela de Cadboll, recuperada en las recientes excavaciones.

- Sobre la réplica del escultor B. Grove: Hilton of Cadboll Pictish Stone

- La “Clase I” de los hasta ahora sólo “símbolos pictos”, y un ejemplo:

Abernethy, Pertshire

- La "Clase II":

La "Estela Nigg"

- La "Clase III"

La Cruz de Camus
(Fotos Wikipedia)

Más información general y fotos en el completo artículo de la Wikipedia en inglés “Pictish stones”