Nuevos análisis realizados con la técnica de detección de muones han mostrado con claridad una de las cámaras de la pirámide acodada de Dahshur, lo que confirma que el empleo de estas partículas de energía que penetran los objetos funciona, explicó a Efe el coordinador del proyecto "Scan Pyramids".

Fuente: EFE, El Cairo | El Confidencial.com, 27 de abril de 2016

Mehdi Tayoubi, del Instituto para la Preservación e Innovación en Patrimonio francés -que participa en ScanPyramids junto al Ministerio egipcio de Antigüedades y la Universidad de El Cairo-, explicó a Efe que los análisis permitieron "observar una cámara cuya existencia ya se conocía, lo que prueba que esta tecnología (de muones) funciona".

Asimismo, Tayoubi agregó que su equipo está "prácticamente seguro de que no existe una tercera cámara de igual o mayor tamaño" de las dos que ya se conocen en el interior de la pirámide.

Los datos, presentados ayer por los expertos a las autoridades egipcias, son parte de los resultados de los análisis que un equipo japonés de "Scan Pyramids" realizó en diciembre de 2015 y enero de 2016, según un comunicado de la misión científica.

La nota destacó asimismo que la aplicación de los muones en el marco de "Scan Pyramids", que comenzó en 2015, permitió mostrar la estructura interna de la pirámide acodada de Dahshur, situada al suroeste de El Cairo.

Los muones son partículas cósmicas que están presentes permanentemente y de manera natural en la Tierra y que son capaces de penetrar profundamente cualquier material. El pasado 17 de enero, el Instituto para la Preservación e Innovación en Patrimonio anunció que un grupo de expertos egipcios descubrió muones en el interior de la pirámide de Keops, en Guiza, a las afueras de El Cairo. Estas partículas podrían ayudar a explicar el sistema de construcción y desvelar más secretos de esos mausoleos de 4.500 años de antigüedad, uno de los objetivos de "Scan Pyramids".

En ese proyecto se utilizan cuatro innovadoras técnicas no invasivas que no dañan las antigüedades y se hace uso de nuevas tecnologías, como los drones y la termografía infrarroja. Además, se usa la fotogrametría y el láser en todo el área de Dahshur y Guiza para hacer una reconstrucción en 3D de sus monumentos, pirámides, templos y la esfinge. Durante la presentación del proyecto de "Scan Pyramids", se insistió en que son técnicas ya utilizadas anteriormente, como en volcanes activos y en la central nuclear de Fukushima, en Japón.

***************************************************************************

Results from the first measurements campaign in the Bent Pyramid
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Tuesday April 26th, The #ScanPyramids team presented to The Minister of Antiquities, Dr. Khaled El-Enany, to the former minister of Antiquities Dr. Mamdouh Eldamaty and to the members of the Permanent Committee of Egyptian Antiquities the results of its first muography mission done on the Bent Pyramid. 
The principle of this new innovative technology: Get an inside radiography of the monument thanks to muons, cosmic particles that are permanently and naturally raining on earth and are able to penetrate any material very deeply.

In December 2015 a team from Nagoya University (Japan) installed in the lower chamber of the pyramid a setup consisting in 40 plates covering a total area of 3.5 m². Each plate contained 2 muon sensitive films. This setup was retrieved in January 2016 after 40 days of exposure – corresponding to the maximal lifetime of chemical emulsions within the temperature and humidity conditions inside the pyramid. These films were then developed in a dedicated lab installed at the Grand Egyptian Museum (GEM), and shipped to Nagoya University for analysis.
From these plates, more than 10 Millions of muon tracks were reconstructed, with a spectacular result: for the first time ever, the internal structure of a pyramid was revealed with muon particles. The images obtained indeed show the second chamber of the pyramid, located roughly 18 meters above the lower one in which emulsions plates were installed. The available statistics from the 40 days of exposure is not yet sufficient to precisely reveal the known corridors. However, various simulations were performed by randomly placing, within the field of view, a hypothetic chamber of size similar or larger than the upper one. Compared with the results obtained by the Japanese team, these simulations could validate the fact there is no additional chamber of this size in the surroundings.
This scientific breakthrough validates the muography principle applied to Egyptian pyramids. The technique validated at Bent Pyramid is now planned to be used on other old kingdom pyramids. Besides the chemical emulsion films from Nagoya University, two other types of electronic instruments will be deployed. On the contrary to the emulsions, they have no limit in exposure time, and further allows for real time analysis.

More information on muography
------------------------------------------
Muon particles permanently reach the Earth with a speed close to the speed of light and a flux around 10,000 per m² per minute. They originate from the interactions of cosmic rays created in the Universe with the atoms of the upper atmosphere. Similarly to X-rays which can penetrate our body and give access to bone imaging these elementary particles, also called “heavy electrons”, can go through hundreds of meters of stones before being absorbed. Judiciously placed detectors (for example inside a pyramid, below a potential, unknown chamber) can then record particle tracks and discern cavities (which muons cross with practically no interactions) from more dense regions in which some muons are absorbed or deflected. The challenge of such measurements consists in building extremely precise detectors and in accumulating enough of data (during several days or months) to increase the contrast.

The muography technique is nowadays frequently used in volcanology, in particular by the research teams of Nagoya University. Within the ScanPyramid mission, 3 types of detectors have been developed. Nagoya University uses chemical detectors based on silver emulsion films. The KEK has built an electronic device working with muon sensitive, scintillating plastics. Such instruments allowed in particular the imaging of the inside of nuclear reactors in Fukushima. Concerning the muon telescopes of CEA which joined the mission on April 15th, they are made of gaseous detectors based on an argon mixture. On the contrary to chemical emulsions, electronics instruments (plastic or gas) allow for a real time imaging.

About #ScanPyramids
-----------------------------
#ScanPyramids mission (www.scanpyramids.org) was launched on 25 October 2015 under the authority of the Egyptian Ministry of Antiquities and is led by Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, and HIP.Institute (www.hip.institute) , Paris (Heritage, Innovation and Preservation Institute). This project aims at scanning, over a year, some of the Egyptian Pyramids: Khufu, Khafre, the Bent and the Red Pyramids. #ScanPyramids combines several non-invasive and non-destructive scanning techniques in order to try to detect the presence of any unknown internal structures and cavities in ancient monuments, which may lead to a better understanding of their structure and their construction processes / techniques. This mission is using, today, Infrared thermography, muon tomography and 3D reconstruction techniques.
Several international scientific institutions are part of #ScanPyramids: Nagoya University (Japan), KEK (High Energy Accelerator Research Organization – Tsukuba – Japan) and CEA (French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission – Saclay - France) for muon techniques and Laval University (Quebec – Canada) for infrared thermography.
presence

VIDEO
www.vimeo.com/hipinstitute/muons
PICTURES
On request
COPYRIGHT
All rights of the project and its outputs, including Video, Pictures, News, and all Electronic Outputs are reserved to the Egyptian Ministry of Antiquities, HIP Institute and the Faculty of Engineering (Cairo University).
CONTACTS
Site officiel : http://www.hip.institute
#ScanPyramids: http://www.scanpyramids.org
Twitter account: @HIP_i_
HIP Institute Press Contact :
Agence Gen-G - Patricia Attar - patricia.attar@gen-g.com - 01 44 94 83 66 – 06 25 792 795